Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Neural circuitry mediating hypercapnia-induced microarousal and impaired sleep depth

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aei1892

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Top: Schematic of viral injection for optogenetic activation of NTS Vglut2 neurons. Bottom: Representative image showing viral expression and fiber placement. ( B ) Representative recording during optogenetic stimulation in NREM sleep. From top to bottom: EEG power spectrogram, EEG, EEG delta-band power, and EMG. Blue shading indicates optogenetic stimulation, and the dashed line indicates the mean delta-band power across the recorded epoch. ( C ) Top: Latency to wakefulness following optogenetic stimulation delivered during NREM sleep. Bottom: Duration of wakefulness induced by optogenetic stimulation during NREM sleep ( n = 6). ( D ) Representative recording during optogenetic stimulation delivered in REM sleep. From top to bottom: EEG power spectrogram, EEG, EEG delta-band power, and EMG. Blue shading indicates optogenetic stimulation. ( E ) Top: Latency to wakefulness following optogenetic stimulation delivered during REM sleep. Bottom: Duration of wakefulness induced by optogenetic stimulation during REM sleep ( n = 6). ( F ) EEG PSD (top) and band power (bottom) comparing NREM sleep and SAOW ( n = 6). ( G ) Top: Schematic of viral injection for chemogenetic activation of NTS Vglut2 neurons. Bottom: Representative images showing viral expression. ( H ) Representative EEG and EMG recordings during the first 3 hours after saline or CNO (1 mg/kg) administration. ( I to K ) For Wake (I), NREM sleep (J), and REM sleep (K), hourly percentage, bout counts, and mean bout length across 24 hours, together with EEG PSD and band power during the first 3 hours after injection ( n = 6). Gray shading indicates the dark phase. ns, not significant. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: On the recording day, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline or CNO (1 mg/kg; MedChemExpress, catalog no. HY-17366, NJ) at 08:00.

Techniques: Injection, Activation Assay, Expressing, Saline

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Neural circuitry mediating hypercapnia-induced microarousal and impaired sleep depth

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aei1892

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Left: Schematic of viral injection for optogenetic inhibition of NTS Vglut2 neurons. Right: Representative image showing viral expression and fiber placement. ( B ) Schematic of the experimental design and recording setup. ( C ) Representative recording with or without light stimulation, showing EEG power spectrogram, EEG, EMG, and respiratory signals during HA exposure. Orange shading indicates HA exposure, and yellow shading indicates light stimulation. ( D ) Latency to wakefulness following the onset of HA exposure ( n = 6). ( E ) Proportion of trials in which sleep was maintained over time after HA onset. Orange shading indicates HA exposure ( n = 6). ( F ) Left: Schematic of viral injection for chemogenetic inhibition of NTS Vglut2 neurons. Right: Representative image showing viral expression. ( G ) Schematic of the experimental design and recording setup. ip, intraperitoneally. ( H ) Representative recording after saline or CNO (1 mg/kg) injection, showing EEG power spectrogram, EEG, EMG, and respiratory signals during HA exposure. Orange shading indicates HA exposure. ( I ) Latency to wakefulness following the onset of HA exposure ( n = 6). ( J ) Proportion of trials in which sleep was maintained over time after HA onset. Orange shading indicates HA exposure ( n = 6). Data are presented as the means ± SEM. ns, not significant. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Some elements in (B) and (G) were created in BioRender. Li, S. (2026), https://BioRender.com/4b3h9qj .

Article Snippet: On the recording day, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline or CNO (1 mg/kg; MedChemExpress, catalog no. HY-17366, NJ) at 08:00.

Techniques: Injection, Inhibition, Expressing, Saline

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Neural circuitry mediating hypercapnia-induced microarousal and impaired sleep depth

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aei1892

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Immunofluorescence staining for c-Fos (magenta) and AVP (green) in the PVN of mice exposed to NA (top) or HA (bottom). ( B ) RNAscope in situ hybridization for Fos (magenta) and Crh (green) mRNAs in the PVN of mice exposed to NA (top) or HA (bottom). ( C ) Top: Experimental schematic. Bottom: Representative images showing the recorded PVN neuron (biocytin, magenta; CRH, red). ( D ) oEPSC traces under pharmacological conditions. Gray traces indicate individual recordings, and black traces indicate mean traces ( n = 6 cells from five mice). ( E ) Time course and quantification of oEPSC amplitude normalized to the 10-min baseline. ( F ) Schematic of viral injection for chemogenetic inhibition of PVN CRH neurons and representative viral expression. ( G ) Effect of saline or CNO (1 mg/kg) treatment on HA-induced arousal. Left: Latency to wakefulness following HA onset. Right: Proportion of trials in which sleep was maintained over time after HA onset ( n = 8). ( H ) Representative recordings after saline or CNO (1 mg/kg) injection, showing EEG spectrogram, EEG, EMG, and respiratory signals during HA exposure. ( I ) Distribution of Crh (magenta) and Slc17a6 (green) mRNAs in the PVN. ( J ) Proportion of Crh + cells coexpressing Slc17a6 ( n = 17 sections from seven mice). ( K ) Top: Schematic of CRISPR-mediated gene knockdown in the PVN of CRH-Cre mice. Bottom: Representative viral expression and Slc17a6 RNAscope signals. ( L ) Representative recordings from the sgScramble and sgSlc17a6 mice during HA exposure. ( M ) Effect of Slc17a6 knockdown in CRH neurons on wake latency and sleep-maintenance probability after HA onset (sgScramble, n = 5; sgSlc17a6, n = 6). Orange shading indicates HA exposure. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. ns, not significant. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: On the recording day, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline or CNO (1 mg/kg; MedChemExpress, catalog no. HY-17366, NJ) at 08:00.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, RNAscope, In Situ Hybridization, Injection, Inhibition, Expressing, Saline, CRISPR, Knockdown

Journal: Npj Dementia

Article Title: γ-Radiation induces long-term dose-related proteomic and phosphorylated-tau species changes in non-human primate hippocampus

doi: 10.1038/s44400-026-00149-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in relative protein abundance levels (Log 2 (FC) across radiation exposures (4 Gy and 8 Gy) are presented for select neurodegenerative (APP, MAPT, SNCA [α-synuclein], TARDBP [TDP-43]), inflammatory (GFAP, AIF1 [IBA1]), and cognitive (SYN3, PPP3R1) markers. MAPT, SYN3 and PPP3R1 were significantly altered ( p < 0.05) after 8 Gy exposure (indicated by *). (Unpaired t-test; Control n = 5, 4 Gy n = 5, 8 Gy n = 4).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies included the following: anti APLNR (1:500, cat#702069, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti CAMKII-delta (CAMK2D) (1:1000, cat# PA5-22168, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti CHRM5 (1:500, cat# PA5-106925, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), SST (1:500, cat# 701935, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti GFAP (1:20,000, cat# NCL-L-GFAP-GA5, Leica, Deer Park, IL, USA), anti AIF1/IBA1 (1:2000, cat# ab178847, abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti HT7 (1:40,000, cat# MN1000, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti pTau-S202 (1:10,000, cat# ab108387, abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti pTau-S202/T205 (1:500, cat# MN1020, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti pTau217 (1:1000, cat# 44-744, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti pTau181 (1:5000, cat# MN1050, Invitrogen, Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti APP (1:2500, cat# MAB348, Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA, USA), anti α-synuclein (1:20,000, cat# ab138501, abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti phospho-α-synuclein (1:500, cat# GTX5022, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), anti TDP-43 C-terminal (1:5000, cat# 81350-1-RR, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), anti TDP-43 N-terminal (1:1000, cat# 10782-2-AP, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), and anti pTDP-43 (S403/404) (1:1000, cat# 66079-1-Ig, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA).

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Control